{"id":412,"date":"2021-01-25T12:51:48","date_gmt":"2021-01-25T04:51:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.xzclass.com\/?p=412"},"modified":"2022-02-28T14:37:09","modified_gmt":"2022-02-28T06:37:09","slug":"%e8%b5%ab%e5%85%b9%e4%bc%a0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.xzclass.com\/?p=412","title":{"rendered":"\u8d6b\u5179\u4f20"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5927\u5bb6\u597d\uff0c\u6211\u662f\u5c0f\u67a3\u541b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u5728\u6b64\u524d\u7684\u300a\u901a\u4fe1\u540d\u4eba\u4f20\u8bb0\u7cfb\u5217<\/span>\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u7ed9\u5927\u5bb6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fc7\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u3001\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u3001\u9a6c\u53ef\u5c3c\u3001\u6ce2\u6ce2\u592b\u3001\u7279\u65af\u62c9\u7b49\u591a\u4f4d\u5927\u725b\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u7535\u78c1\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5960\u57fa\u4eba\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u7535\u78c1\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u53d1\u660e\u5bb6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u6211\u4e00\u76f4\u6ca1\u6765\u5f97\u53ca\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002\u4ed6\u5c31\u662f\u7535\u78c1\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u7535\u78c1\u5e94\u7528\u4e4b\u95f4\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8854\u63a5\u8005\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bc1\u5b9e\u7535\u78c1\u6ce2\u771f\u5b9e\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u6d77\u56e0\u91cc\u5e0c\u00b7\u9c81\u9053\u592b\u00b7\u8d6b\u5179<\/strong>\uff08Heinrich Rudolf Hertz\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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17\u5c81\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8d6b\u5179\u6765\u5230\u7ea6\u7ff0\u5c3c\u59c6\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u590d\u4e60\u51c6\u5907\u5927\u5b66\u8003\u8bd5\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5f53\u4ed6\u4e00\u5e74\u540e\u8003\u8bd5\u901a\u8fc7\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bb6\u4f19\u53c8\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u4e3b\u610f\u3002\u4ed6\u642c\u5230\u6cd5\u5170\u514b\u798f\uff0c\u8ddf\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u5efa\u7b51\u5e08\u5f53\u5b66\u5f92\uff0c\u60f3\u8fdb\u519b\u5efa\u7b51\u884c\u4e1a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u201c\u65e5\u590d\u4e00\u65e5\uff0c\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u81ea\u5df1\u5c31<\/span>\u662f\u4e2a\u5e9f\u67f4\u3002<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\uff08\u2026\u2026<\/span>da<\/span>y by day I grow more aware of how useless I remain in this world.  <\/span>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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\u9752\u5e74\u8d6b\u5179\uff08\u5934\u53d1\u8fd8\u5728\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u503c\u5f97\u5e86\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c<\/span>\u8d6b\u5179\u7684\u9893\u5e9f\u72b6\u6001\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6301\u7eed\u591a\u4e45\u30021877\u5e7410\u6708\uff0c\u9000\u5f79\u7684\u8d6b\u5179\u642c\u5230\u6155\u5c3c\u9ed1\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u7ee7\u7eed\u5b66\u4e60\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b66\u8bfe\u7a0b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u540c\u5e74\uff0c\u8d6b\u5179\u8003\u5165\u6155\u5c3c\u9ed1\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u9009\u4fee\u9ad8\u7b49\u6570\u5b66\u3001\u529b\u5b66\u3001\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7269\u7406\u548c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5316\u5b66\u8bfe\u7a0b\u3002\u4e00\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u4f18\u5f02\u7684\u4ed6\u53c8\u8fdb\u5165\u67cf\u6797\u5927\u5b66\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u2589 \u5e08\u4ece\u540d\u5e08\uff0c\u5d2d\u9732\u5934\u89d2<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6765\u5230\u67cf\u6797\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8d6b\u5179\u7ec8\u4e8e\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u4eba\u751f\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e24\u4f4d\u5bfc\u5e08\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u53e4\u65af\u5854\u592b\u00b7\u57fa\u5c14\u970d\u592b<\/span><\/strong>\uff08Gustav Kirchhoff<\/span>\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u8d6b\u5c14\u66fc\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u8d6b\u5c14\u59c6\u970d\u8328<\/strong>\uff08Hermann von Helmholtz\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u57fa\u5c14\u970d\u592b\u4e13\u653b\u8f90\u5c04\u3001\u5149\u8c31\u5b66\u548c\u7535\u8def\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u8d6b\u5c14\u59c6\u970d\u5179\u5219\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u7535\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u548c\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76 \u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u8d6b\u5c14\u59c6\u970d\u8328\u5f88\u5feb\u53d1\u73b0\u8d6b\u5179\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u5929\u624d\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5bf9\u5176\u975e\u5e38\u5668\u91cd\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u70b9\u57f9\u517b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u201c\u7535\u662f\u5e26\u7740\u60ef\u6027\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5417\uff1f<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\uff08\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\uff1a\u201c\u7535\u662f\u6709\u8d28\u91cf\uff08\u52a8\u80fd\uff09\u7684\u5417\uff1f\u201d\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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1879\u5e748\u6708\uff0c22\u5c81\u7684\u8d6b\u5179\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u7535\u6d41\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u503c\u4e00\u5b9a\u5c0f\u5230\u96be\u4ee5\u7f6e\u4fe1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u7535\u5b50\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u76f4\u523018\u5e74\u540e\u76841897\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u00b7\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u6c64\u59c6\u751f\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u9634\u6781\u5c04\u7ebf\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u7535\u5b50\u3002\u7535\u5b50\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u6781\u5c0f\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u6709<\/span>9.10956\u00d710<\/span>-31<\/span><\/sup>kg\u3002\u4ee5\u8d6b\u5179\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u6280\u672f\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u80af\u5b9a\u662f\u6d4b\u4e0d\u51fa\u6765\u6ef4\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u8d6b\u5c14\u59c6\u970d\u8328<\/span>\u53c8\u63d0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u6b21\u8d6b\u5179\u4e0d\u5e72\u4e86\uff0c\u62d2\u7edd\u53c2\u4e0e\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u82b1\u4e09\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u53c8\u53bb\u7814\u7a76\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5b9e\u5728\u662f\u6d6a\u8d39\u751f\u547d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1880\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u8d6b\u5179\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u65cb\u8f6c\u5bfc\u4f53\u7535\u78c1\u611f\u5e94\u7684\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece\u5927\u5b66\u6bd5\u4e1a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6bd5\u4e1a\u540e\uff0c\u8d6b\u5179\u5728\u67cf\u6797\u7269\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u62c5\u4efb\u4e86\u4e09\u5e74\u8d6b\u5c14\u59c6\u970d\u8328\u6559\u6388\u7684\u52a9\u7406\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u8d6b\u5179\u53d1\u8868\u4e8615\u7bc7\u5173\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u9886\u57df\u7684\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6d89\u53ca\u6c14\u8c61\u5b66\u3001\u529b\u5b66\u3001\u7535\u5b66\u3001\u7535\u78c1\u611f\u5e94\u548c\u9634\u6781\u5c04\u7ebf\u7b49\u591a\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u6e10\u6e10\u5730\uff0c\u8d6b\u5179\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
\u6e10\u6e10\u5730\uff0c\u53d1\u9645\u7ebf\u4e5f\u4fdd\u4e0d\u4f4f\u4e86<\/span><\/section>\n
<\/span><\/section>\n

1883\u5e74\uff0c26\u5c81\u7684\u8d6b\u5179\u6765\u5230\u57fa\u5c14\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u62c5\u4efb\u7406\u8bba\u7269\u7406\u8bb2\u5e08\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

1885\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u8d6b\u5179\u8f6c\u5230\u5fb7\u56fd\u897f\u5357\u90e8\u8fb9\u5883\u7684\u5361\u5c14\u65af\u9c81\u5c14\u5927\u5b66<\/span>\uff08Karlsruhe\uff09\uff0c\u62c5\u4efb\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u6559\u6388\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u540c\u5e747\u670831\u65e5\uff0c\u8d6b\u5179\u5a36\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u540c\u4e8b\u2014\u2014\u51e0\u4f55\u8bb2\u5e08\u9a6c\u514b\u65af\u00b7\u591a\u5c14<\/span>\u7684\u5973\u513f<\/span>\uff0c\u4f0a\u4e3d\u838e\u767d\u00b7\u591a\u5c14\uff08Elizabeth Doll\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u76f8\u8bc6\u8fd8\u4e0d\u5230\u56db\u4e2a\u6708\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u751f\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u5973\u513f\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u53eb\u7ea6\u7ff0\u5a1c\u548c\u739b\u8482\u5c14\u5fb7<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2589 \u8d70\u5411\u5dc5\u5cf0\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u7535\u78c1\u6ce2<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8d6b\u5179\u7684\u9ad8\u5149\u65f6\u523b\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8d6b\u5179\u8ddf\u968f\u8d6b\u5c14\u59c6\u970d\u5179\u7814\u7a76\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5c31\u66fe\u7ecf\u7814\u7a76\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u7684\u7535\u78c1\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/span>\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u754c\u666e\u904d\u76f8\u4fe1\u97e6\u4f2f\u7684\u7535\u529b\u4e0e\u78c1\u529b\u53ef\u77ac\u65f6\u4f20\u9001\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/span>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8d6b\u5179\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u97e6\u4f2f\u548c\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5230\u5e95\u8c01\u662f\u5bf9\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f9d\u7167<\/span>\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u7406\u8bba<\/span>\uff0c\u7535\u6270\u52a8\u80fd\u8f90\u5c04\u7535\u78c1\u6ce2\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u8d6b\u5179\u5148\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7535\u78c1\u6ce2\u53d1\u751f\u5668\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u5efa\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u94dc\u65cb\u94ae\u6784\u6210\u7684\u632f\u8361\u5668\u3002<\/span>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65cb\u94ae\u90fd\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u538b\u611f\u5e94<\/span>\u7ebf\u5708\u4e0a\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u95f4\u9699\u4e0e\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u65cb\u94ae\u5206\u79bb\uff0c\u706b\u82b1\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95f4\u9699\u4e0a\u79fb\u52a8\u3002\u5f53\u611f\u5e94\u7ebf\u5708\u7684\u7535\u6d41\u7a81\u7136\u4e2d\u65ad\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u611f\u5e94\u9ad8\u7535\u538b\u4f7f\u7535\u706b\u82b1\u9699\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ea7\u751f\u706b\u82b1\u3002<\/span>\u77ac\u95f4\u540e\uff0c\u7535<\/span>\u8377\u4fbf\u7ecf\u7531\u7535\u706b\u82b1\u9699\u5728\u950c\u677f\u95f4\u632f\u8361\uff0c\u9891\u7387\u9ad8\u8fbe\u6570\u767e\u4e07\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u5982\u679c\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u5c31\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u7535\u78c1\u6ce2\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u8d6b\u5179\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u88c5\u7f6e<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u76d1\u6d4b\u7535\u78c1\u6ce2\uff0c\u8d6b\u5179\u53c8\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a5\u6536\u5668\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u4ed6\u5c06\u4e00\u5c0f\u6bb5\u5bfc\u7ebf\u5f2f\u6210\u5706\u5f62\uff0c\u7ebf\u7684\u4e24\u7aef\u70b9\u95f4\u7559\u6709\u5c0f\u7535\u706b\u82b1\u9699\u3002<\/span>\u5982\u679c\u6709\u7535\u78c1\u6ce2\uff0c\u6b64\u5c0f\u7ebf\u5708\u4e0a\u5c31\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u611f\u5e94\u7535\u538b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u7535\u706b\u82b1\u9699\u4ea7\u751f\u706b\u82b1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u56e0\u4e3a\u706b\u82b1\u6781\u5176\u5fae\u5c0f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4ed6\u5fc5\u987b\u5750\u5728\u6697\u5ba4\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002\u679c\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u8d6b\u5179\u4eb2\u773c\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u5fae\u5f31\u706b\u82b1\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\uff01<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1887\u5e7411\u67085\u65e5\uff0c\u8d6b\u5179\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u540d\u4e3a<\/span>\u300a\u8bba\u5728\u7edd\u7f18\u4f53\u4e2d\u7535\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u611f\u5e94\u73b0\u8c61\u300b<\/strong>\u7684\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86<\/span>\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u53d1\u73b0\u3002<\/span>\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bba\u6587\u76f4\u63a5\u8f70\u52a8\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u754c\u3002<\/span>\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u7684\u7535\u78c1\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u7ffb\u8eab\u9006\u88ad\uff0c\u88ab\u5949\u4e3a\u7ecf\u5178\u3002<\/span>\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c<\/span>\u8ddd\u79bb\u9ea6<\/span>\u795e<\/span>\u53bb\u4e16<\/span>\uff0c<\/span>\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e86\u6574\u65749\u5e74\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u8d6b\u5179\u7ee7\u7eed\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u4e86\u7535\u78c1\u6ce2\u662f\u6a2a\u6ce2\uff0c<\/span>\u5177\u6709\u4e0e\u5149\u7c7b\u4f3c<\/span>\u7684\u7279\u6027<\/span>\uff0c\u5982\u53cd\u5c04\u3001\u6298\u5c04\u3001\u884d\u5c04\u7b49\u3002\u8d6b\u5179\u8fd8\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e86\u4e24\u5217\u7535\u78c1\u6ce2\u7684\u5e72\u6d89<\/span>\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u5728\u76f4\u7ebf\u4f20\u64ad\u65f6\uff0c\u7535\u78c1\u6ce2\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u901f\u5ea6\u4e0e\u5149\u901f\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u5149\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7535\u78c1\u6ce2<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span>\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u8d6b\u5179\u8fd8\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5b8c\u5584\u4e86\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u65b9\u7a0b\u7ec4\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b83\u66f4\u52a0\u4f18\u7f8e\u3001\u5bf9\u79f0\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u4e86\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u65b9\u7a0b\u7ec4\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u8d6b\u5179\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u5177\u6709\u5212\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u662f\u8d6b\u5179\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e86\u7535\u78c1\u6ce2\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7535\u78c1\u6ce2\u76f4\u63a5\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u8d6b\u5179\u6ce2\u201d<\/strong>\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u591a\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u624d\u6539\u53eb\u201c\u7535\u78c1\u6ce2\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u8d6b\u5179\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u5177\u6709\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u7528\u9014\uff0c\u6253\u5f00\u4e86\u65b0\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5927\u95e8\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u8d6b\u5179\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u201c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6211\u6240\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u65e0\u7ebf\u7535\u6ce2\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u9664\u4e86\u53d1\u73b0\u7535\u78c1\u6ce2\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8d6b\u5179\u8fd8\u5728\u5149\u7535\u6548\u5e94\u9886\u57df<\/strong>\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u8d21\u732e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u5e26\u7535\u91d1\u5c5e\u7269\u4f53\u5f53\u88ab\u7d2b\u5916\u5149\u7167\u5c04\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a<\/span>\u5f88\u5feb\u5931\u53bb\u5b83\u7684\u7535\u8377\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u5149\u7535\u6548\u5e94<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u82e5\u5e72\u5e74\u540e\uff0c \u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u6210\u529f\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\uff08<\/span>\u7d2b\u5916\u5149\u5149\u5b50\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u4e0e\u91d1\u5c5e\u4e2d\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4f7f\u7535\u5b50\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u9003\u79bb\u91d1\u5c5e<\/span><\/span>\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u6b64\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

1889\u5e74\uff0c\u8d6b\u5179\u6765\u5230\u6ce2\u6069\u5927\u5b66\u62c5\u4efb\u6559\u6388\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u8d6b\u5179\u4e0e\u4ed6\u7684\u52a9\u624b\u83f2\u5229\u666e\u00b7<\/strong>\u52d2\u7eb3\u5fb7<\/strong>\uff08Philipp Lenard\uff09\u4e00\u8d77\u7814\u7a76\u9634\u6781\u5c04\u7ebf\u548c\u6c14\u4f53\u653e\u7535\u3002\u6ca1\u60f3\u5230\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u76841905\u5e74\uff0c\u52d2\u7eb3\u5fb7<\/span>\u51ed\u501f\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u9634\u6781\u5c04\u7ebf\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u62ff\u5230\u4e86\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u3002\u3002\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u52d2\u7eb3\u5fb7<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u2589 \u82f1\u5e74\u65e9\u901d\uff0c\u4ee4\u4eba\u53f9\u606f<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n


<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1888<\/span>\u5e74\u81f31890\u5e74\uff0c<\/span><\/span>\u8d6b\u5179\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u56fd\u5185\u5916\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u8363\u8a89\u3002\u4ed6\u5206\u522b\u83b7\u5f97\u610f\u5927\u5229\u79d1\u5b66\u534f\u4f1a\u3001\u5df4\u9ece\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u3001\u7ef4\u4e5f\u7eb3\u5e1d\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u9881\u53d1\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5956\u7ae0\u5956\u91d1\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u8fd8\u6388\u4e88\u4e86\u4ed6\u201c\u738b\u51a0\u52cb\u7ae0\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u8d6b\u5179\u5f00\u59cb\u906d\u9047\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

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1893\u5e74\u6625\u5929\uff0c\u8d6b\u5179\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6062\u590d\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u505a\u4e86\u51e0\u6b21\u624b\u672f\u3002\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u75be\u75c5\u8ba9\u4ed6\u60a3\u4e0a\u4e86\u6291\u90c1\u75c7\u300212\u67083\u65e5\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bc4\u51fa\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u6700\u540e\u8457\u4f5c\uff08\u300a\u673a\u68b0\u539f\u7406\u300b\uff09\u7684\u624b\u7a3f\u300212\u67087\u65e5\uff0c\u8d6b\u5179\u505a\u4e86\u751f\u524d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u6f14\u8bb2\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4e0d\u4e45\u540e\uff0c1894\u5e741\u67081\u65e5\uff0c\u8d6b\u5179\u56e0\u8840\u6db2\u4e2d\u6bd2\uff0c\u5728\u6ce2\u6069\u53bb\u4e16\uff08\u6b7b\u56e0\u81f3\u4eca\u5b58\u5728\u4e89\u8bae\uff09\uff0c\u5e74\u4ec537\u5c81\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u8d6b\u5179\u6b7b\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u5e76\u672a\u6539\u5ac1\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7ee7\u7eed\u629a\u517b\u4e24\u4e2a\u5973\u513f\u957f\u5927\u30021930\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u548c\u7eb3\u7cb9\u515a\u638c\u6743\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u8feb\u5bb3\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u3002\u4ed6\u59bb\u5b50\u5e26\u7740\u5973\u513f\u9003\u5f80\u82f1\u56fd\u5251\u6865\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8d6b\u5179\u7684\u5bb6\u65cf\u540e\u6765\u4e5f\u7b97\u662f\u4eba\u624d\u8f88\u51fa\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u5973\u513f\u739b\u8482\u5c14\u5fb7\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e00\u540d\u8457\u540d\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u4f84\u5b50\u53e4\u65af\u5854\u592b\u00b7\u8def\u5fb7\u7ef4\u5e0c\u00b7\u8d6b\u5179<\/strong>\uff08Gustav Ludwig Hertz<\/span>\uff09\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u5148\u9a71\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u4e861925\u5e74\u7684\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u3002\u53e4\u65af\u5854\u592b\u7684\u513f\u5b50\uff0c\u5361\u5c14\u00b7\u8d6b\u5c14\u7a46\u7279\u00b7\u8d6b\u5179\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u6838\u78c1\u5171\u632f\u6ce2\u8c31\u5b66\u7684\u5148\u9a71<\/span>\uff0c\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u533b\u5b66\u8d85\u58f0\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u53e4\u65af\u5854\u592b\u00b7\u8def\u5fb7\u7ef4\u5e0c\u00b7\u8d6b\u5179<\/span><\/p>\n


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1930\u5e74\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u7535\u5de5\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e3a\u4e86\u7eaa\u5ff5\u8d6b\u5179\uff0c\u5c06\u4ed6\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u5b9a\u4e3a\u9891\u7387\u6d4b\u91cf\u5355\u4f4d\u30021960\u5e74\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u5ea6\u91cf\u8861\u5927\u4f1a\u5b98\u65b9\u6b63\u5f0f\u786e\u8ba4\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u5355\u4f4d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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1945\u5e74\u4e8c\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c<\/span>\u8d6b\u5179\u6062\u590d\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u540d\u8a89\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u83b7\u5f97\u5fb7\u56fd\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\u3002\u5fb7\u56fd\u6c49\u5821\u7684\u65e0\u7ebf\u7535\u5854\uff0c\u4e5f\u88ab\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u8d6b\u5179\u5854\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u8d6b\u5179\u7684\u60bc\u8bcd\u6765\u7ed3\u675f\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u201c\u4ed6\u662f\u4e2a\u9ad8\u5c1a<\/span>\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6709\u7740\u96be\u5f97\u7684\u597d\u8fd0\uff0c\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u8bb8\u591a\u5d07\u62dc\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u6068\u4ed6\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u7fa1\u6155\u4ed6\uff1b<\/span>\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0e\u4ed6\u6709\u8fc7\u79c1\u4eba\u63a5\u89e6\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u90fd\u88ab\u4ed6\u7684\u8c26\u900a\u6240\u6253\u52a8\uff0c\u88ab\u4ed6\u7684\u548c\u853c\u53ef\u4eb2\u6240\u7740\u8ff7\u3002<\/span>\u4ed6\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u662f\u5c0a\u656c\u7684\u8001\u5e08\uff1b<\/span>\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u5bb6\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u6148\u7231\u7684\u4e08\u592b\u548c\u7236\u4eb2\u3002<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u2014\u2014 \u5168\u6587\u5b8c \u2014\u2014<\/span><\/p>\n

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