{"id":3369,"date":"2025-11-27T11:19:24","date_gmt":"2025-11-27T03:19:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.xzclass.com\/?p=3369"},"modified":"2026-03-26T16:28:59","modified_gmt":"2026-03-26T08:28:59","slug":"%e4%b8%80%e6%96%87%e7%9c%8b%e6%87%82ai%e5%a4%a7%e6%a8%a1%e5%9e%8b%e7%9a%84%e5%b9%b6%e8%a1%8c%e8%ae%ad%e7%bb%83%e6%96%b9%e5%bc%8f%ef%bc%88dp%e3%80%81pp%e3%80%81tp%e3%80%81ep%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.xzclass.com\/?p=3369","title":{"rendered":"\u4e00\u6587\u770b\u61c2AI\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5e76\u884c\u8bad\u7ec3\u65b9\u5f0f\uff08DP\u3001PP\u3001TP\u3001EP\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\uff0cAI\u8ba1\u7b97\uff08\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6a21\u578b\u8bad\u7ec3\u548c\u63a8\u7406\uff09\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4ee5\u5e76\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e3a\u4e3b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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AI\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u5177\u4f53\u7b97\u6cd5\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u77e9\u9635\u76f8\u4e58\u3001\u5377\u79ef\u3001\u5faa\u73af\u5c42\u3001\u68af\u5ea6\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u57fa\u4e8e\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u4e07\u7684GPU\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e76\u884c\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53bb\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u624d\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u7f29\u77ed\u8ba1\u7b97\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u642d\u5efa\u5e76\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u4f1a\u7528\u5230\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5e76\u884c\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


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Data Parallelism\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u884c<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Pipeline Parallelism\uff0c\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u5e76\u884c<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Tensor Parallelism\uff0c\u5f20\u91cf\u5e76\u884c<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Expert Parallelism, \u4e13\u5bb6\u5e76\u884c<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9010\u4e00\u770b\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e76\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u2589 DP\uff08\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u884c\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n


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\u9996\u5148\u770b\u770bDP\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u884c\uff08Data Parallelism\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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AI\u8bad\u7ec3\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5e76\u884c\uff0c\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5206\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u884c\u548c\u6a21\u578b\u5e76\u884c\u4e24\u7c7b\u3002\u521a\u624d\u8bf4\u7684PP\uff08\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u5e76\u884c\uff09\u3001TP\uff08\u5f20\u91cf\u5e76\u884c\uff09\u548cEP\uff08\u4e13\u5bb6\u5e76\u884c\uff09\uff0c\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6a21\u578b\u5e76\u884c\uff0c\u5f85\u4f1a\u518d\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5148\u5927\u6982\u4e86\u89e3\u4e00\u4e0b\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e3b\u8981\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


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1\u3001\u524d\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\uff1a\u8f93\u5165\u4e00\u6279\u8bad\u7ec3\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f97\u5230\u9884\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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2\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u635f\u5931\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u635f\u5931\u51fd\u6570\u6bd4\u8f83\u9884\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0e\u771f\u5b9e\u6807\u7b7e\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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3\u3001\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\uff1a\u5c06\u635f\u5931\u503c\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u68af\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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4\u3001\u68af\u5ea6\u66f4\u65b0\uff1a\u4f18\u5316\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u68af\u5ea6\u6765\u66f4\u65b0\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6743\u91cd\u548c\u504f\u7f6e\uff08\u66f4\u65b0\u53c2\u6570\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5faa\u73af\u5f80\u590d\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u4ee4\u4eba\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u8bad\u7ec3\u5c31\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u6211\u4eec\u56de\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u884c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u884c\u662f\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e2d\u6700\u4e3a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5e76\u884c\u65b9\u5f0f\uff08\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4e5f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u63a8\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5b83\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6bcf\u4e2aGPU\u90fd\u62e5\u6709\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u526f\u672c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u8bad\u7ec3\u6570\u636e\u5212\u5206\u6210\u591a\u4e2a\u5c0f\u6279\u6b21\uff08mini-batch\uff09\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6279\u6b21\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684GPU\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u884c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


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1\u3001\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u5747\u5300\u5207\u5272\uff0c\u53d1\u7ed9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3001\u5e76\u884c\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684GPU\uff08Worker\uff09\uff1b<\/span><\/p>\n


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2\u3001\u5404GPU\u90fd\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4ee5\u53ca\u6a21\u578b\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5404\u81ea\u72ec\u7acb\u8fdb\u884c\u524d\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u3001\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f97\u5230\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u68af\u5ea6\uff1b<\/span><\/p>\n


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3\u3001\u5404GPU\u901a\u8fc7\u5361\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u4ee5All-Reduce\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c06\u68af\u5ea6\u63a8\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u7684GPU\uff08Server\uff09\uff1b<\/span><\/p>\n


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4\u3001Server GPU\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u68af\u5ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u6c42\u548c\u6216\u8005\u5e73\u5747\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u5168\u5c40\u68af\u5ea6\uff1b<\/span><\/p>\n


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5\u3001Server GPU\u5c06\u5168\u5c40\u68af\u5ea6\u56de\u4f20\uff08broadcast\u5e7f\u64ad\uff09\u5230\u6bcf\u4e2aWorker GPU\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u66f4\u65b0\uff08\u66f4\u65b0\u672c\u5730\u6a21\u578b\u6743\u91cd\uff09\u3002\u66f4\u65b0\u540e\uff0c\u6240\u6709worker GPU\u6a21\u578b\u53c2\u6570\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u7ee7\u7eed\u91cd\u590d\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u5b8c\u6210\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u518d\u6765\u4e00\u5f20\u56fe\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u7406\u89e3\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4ece\u4e0b\u5f80\u4e0a\u770b<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d0\u5230\u7684All-Reduce\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aAI\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c\u5168\uff08All\uff09-\u89c4\u7ea6\uff08Reduce\uff09\u201d\uff0c\u5373\uff1a\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u805a\u5408\uff08\u5982\u6c42\u548c\u3001\u6c42\u6700\u5927\u503c\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u6700\u7ec8\u7ed3\u679c\u5206\u53d1\u5230\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u3002\uff08\u53c2\u8003\uff1a<\/span>\u5230\u5e95\u4ec0\u4e48\u662fAll-Reduce\u3001All-to-All\uff1f<\/span><\/a>\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u884c\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\uff0c\u5728\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6bd4\u8f83\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u663e\u8457\u52a0\u901f\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u8fdc\u5927\u4e8e\u6a21\u578b\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u884c\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\uff0c\u5728\u4e8e\u663e\u5b58\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2aGPU\u4e0a\u90fd\u6709\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u526f\u672c\uff0c\u800c\u5f53\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u663e\u5b58\u5c31\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u8d85\u8fc7\u5355\u4e2aGPU\u7684\u663e\u5b58\u5927\u5c0f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u884c\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u5f00\u9500\u4e5f\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\u3002\u4e0d\u540cGPU\u4e4b\u95f4\u9700\u8981\u9891\u7e41\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u4ee5\u540c\u6b65\u6a21\u578b\u53c2\u6570\u6216\u68af\u5ea6\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u53c2\u6570\u89c4\u6a21\u8d8a\u5927\uff0cGPU\u6570\u91cf\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u901a\u4fe1\u5f00\u9500\u5c31\u8d8a\u5927\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5343\u4ebf\u53c2\u6570\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5355\u6b21\u68af\u5ea6\u540c\u6b65\u9700\u4f20\u8f93\u7ea62TB\u6570\u636e\uff08FP16\u7cbe\u5ea6\u4e0b\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u2589 ZeRO<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n


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\u8fd9\u91cc\u8981\u63d2\u64ad\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u2014\u2014ZeRO\uff08Zero Redundancy Optimizer\uff0c\u96f6\u5197\u4f59\u4f18\u5316\u5668\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u884c\u7b56\u7565\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2aGPU\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u90fd\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u526f\u672c\uff0c\u5f88\u5360\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u80fd\u5426\u6bcf\u4e2aGPU\u53ea\u5b58\u653e\u6a21\u578b\u526f\u672c\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5462\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u6ca1\u9519\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662fZeRo\u2014\u2014\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u6a21\u578b\u526f\u672c\u4e2d\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u5668\u72b6\u6001\u3001\u68af\u5ea6\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u5207\u5206\uff0c\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u51cf\u5c11\u5bf9\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u5360\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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ZeRO\u67093\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


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ZeRO-1\uff1a\u5bf9\u4f18\u5316\u5668\u72b6\u6001\u8fdb\u884c\u5212\u5206\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

ZeRO-2\uff1a\u5bf9\u4f18\u5316\u5668\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u68af\u5ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u5212\u5206<\/span><\/p>\n

ZeRO-3\uff1a\u5bf9\u4f18\u5316\u5668\u72b6\u6001\u3001\u68af\u5ea6\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u5212\u5206\u3002\uff08\u6700\u8282\u7701\u663e\u5b58\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u56fe\u548c\u8868\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5f97\u66f4\u660e\u767d\u4e9b\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u6d4b\u6570\u636e\u663e\u793a\uff0cZeRO-3\u57281024\u5757GPU\u4e0a\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e07\u4ebf\u53c2\u6570\u6a21\u578b\u65f6\uff0c\u663e\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u4ece7.5TB\u964d\u81f37.3GB\/\u5361\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\uff0cDP\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2aDDP\uff08\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u884c\uff09\u3002\u4f20\u7edfDP\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u4e8e\u5355\u673a\u591a\u5361\u573a\u666f\u3002\u800cDDP\u80fd\u591a\u673a\u4e5f\u80fd\u5355\u673a\u3002\u8fd9\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8eRing-AllReduce\uff0c\u5b83\u7531\u767e\u5ea6\u6700\u5148\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u89e3\u51b3\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u884c\u4e2d\u901a\u4fe1\u8d1f\u8f7d\u4e0d\u5747\uff08Server\u5b58\u5728\u74f6\u9888\uff09\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u2589 PP\uff08\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u5e76\u884c\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n


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\u518d\u6765\u770b\u770b\u6a21\u578b\u5e76\u884c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u521a\u624d\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u884c\uff0c\u662f\u628a\u6570\u636e\u5206\u4e3a\u597d\u51e0\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u6a21\u578b\u5e76\u884c\uff0c\u5f88\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u6a21\u578b\u5206\u4e3a\u597d\u51e0\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684GPU\uff0c\u8fd0\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002\uff08\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u4e1a\u754c\u5bf9\u6a21\u578b\u5e76\u884c\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u6709\u70b9\u6df7\u4e71\u3002\u4e5f\u6709\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u4f1a\u5c06\u5f20\u91cf\u5e76\u884c\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u6a21\u578b\u5e76\u884c\u3002\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u5e76\u884c\uff0c\u662f\u5c06\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\uff08\u5355\u5c42\uff0c\u6216\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u591a\u5c42\uff09\u5206\u914d\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684GPU\u4e0a\uff0c\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u5f0f\u7684\u5e76\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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<\/section>\n


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\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b7\u5c42\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5c061~2\u5c42\u653e\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2aGPU\u4e0a\uff0c3~5\u5c42\u653e\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2aGPU\u4e0a\uff0c6~7\u5c42\u653e\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2aGPU\u4e0a\u3002\u8bad\u7ec3\u65f6\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u6309\u7167\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684GPU\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e4d\u4e00\u770b\uff0c\u6d41\u6c34\u5e76\u884c\u6709\u70b9\u50cf\u4e32\u884c\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2aGPU\u9700\u8981\u7b49\u5f85\u524d\u4e00\u4e2aGPU\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5927\u91cf\u7684GPU\u8d44\u6e90\u6d6a\u8d39\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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<\/section>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e0a\u9762\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u9ec4\u8272\u90e8\u5206\u5c31\u662fBubble \uff08\u6c14\u6ce1\uff09\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u6c14\u6ce1\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868GPU\u5904\u4e8e\u7b49\u5f85\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u7a7a\u95f2\u72b6\u6001\uff09\u8d8a\u957f\uff0c\u8d44\u6e90\u6d6a\u8d39\u8d8a\u4e25\u91cd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u4e0a\u8ff0\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06mini-batch\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5207\u5206\u6210micro-batch\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5f53GPU 0\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u4e00\u4e2amicro-batch\u6570\u636e\u540e\uff0c\u7d27\u63a5\u7740\u5f00\u59cb\u5904\u7406\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2amicro-batch\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u6765\u51cf\u5c11GPU\u7684\u7a7a\u95f2\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\uff08b\uff09\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


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<\/section>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd8\u6709\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2amicro-batch\u5b8c\u6210\u524d\u5411\u8ba1\u7b97\u540e\uff0c\u63d0\u524d\u8c03\u5ea6\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u53cd\u5411\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u80fd\u91ca\u653e\u90e8\u5206\u663e\u5b58\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u63a5\u7eb3\u65b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u6574\u4f53\u8bad\u7ec3\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u5982\u4e0a\u56fe\uff08c\uff09\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u90fd\u80fd\u591f\u663e\u8457\u51cf\u5c11\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u5e76\u884c\u7684Bubble\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u5e76\u884c\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u4efb\u52a1\u8c03\u5ea6\u548c\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u8fdb\u884c\u7cbe\u786e\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u963b\u585e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ea7\u751f\u66f4\u591a\u7684Bubble\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u2589 TP\uff08\u5f20\u91cf\u5e76\u884c\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n


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\u6a21\u578b\u5e76\u884c\u7684\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u79cd\uff0c\u662f\u5f20\u91cf\u5e76\u884c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u5e76\u884c\u662f\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u6309\u5c42\u300c\u5782\u76f4\u300d\u5206\u5272\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5f20\u91cf\u5e76\u884c\u5219\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c42\u5185\u300c\u6a2a\u5411\u300d\u5206\u5272\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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<\/section>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f20\u91cf\u5e76\u884c\u662f\u5c06\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5f20\u91cf\uff08\u5982\u6743\u91cd\u77e9\u9635\uff09\u6309\u7ef4\u5ea6\u5207\u5206\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684GPU\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u5e76\u884c\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5f20\u91cf\u5207\u5206\u65b9\u5f0f\u5206\u4e3a\u6309\u884c\u8fdb\u884c\u5207\u5206\u548c\u6309\u5217\u8fdb\u884c\u5207\u5206\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u5e94\u884c\u5e76\u884c\uff08Row Parallelism\uff09\uff08\u6743\u91cd\u77e9\u9635\u6309\u884c\u5206\u5272\uff09\u4e0e\u5217\u5e76\u884c\uff08Column Parallelism\uff09\uff08\u6743\u91cd\u77e9\u9635\u6309\u5217\u5206\u5272\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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<\/section>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5904\u7406\u5207\u5206\u540e\u7684\u5b50\u5f20\u91cf\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u96c6\u5408\u901a\u4fe1\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08\u5982All-Gather\u6216All-Reduce\uff09\u6765\u5408\u5e76\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/section>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5f20\u91cf\u5e76\u884c\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\uff0c\u662f\u9002\u5408\u5355\u4e2a\u5f20\u91cf\u8fc7\u5927\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u51cf\u5c11\u5355\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5f20\u91cf\u5e76\u884c\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\uff0c\u662f\u5f53\u5207\u5206\u7ef4\u5ea6\u8f83\u591a\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u901a\u4fe1\u5f00\u9500\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u5f20\u91cf\u5e76\u884c\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8f83\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4ed4\u7ec6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5207\u5206\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u901a\u4fe1\u7b56\u7565\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u653e\u4e00\u5f20\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u884c\u3001\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u5e76\u884c\u3001\u5f20\u91cf\u5e76\u884c\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff1a<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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<\/section>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2589 \u4e13\u5bb6\u5e76\u884c<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

2025\u5e74\u521dDeepSeek\u7206\u7ea2\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u4e5f\u8ddf\u7740\u706b\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662fMoE\uff08Mixture of Experts\uff0c\u6df7\u5408\u4e13\u5bb6\u6a21\u578b\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

MoE\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u201c\u591a\u4e2a\u4e13\u5bb6\u5c42+\u8def\u7531\u7f51\u7edc\uff08\u95e8\u63a7\u7f51\u7edc\uff09\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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<\/section>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e13\u5bb6\u5c42\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e13\u5bb6\u8d1f\u8d23\u5904\u7406\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684token\uff08\u5982\u8bed\u6cd5\u3001\u8bed\u4e49\u76f8\u5173\uff09\u3002\u8def\u7531\u7f51\u7edc\u6839\u636e\u8f93\u5165token\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u5c11\u6570\u4e13\u5bb6\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e2atoken\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e13\u5bb6\u4e0d\u6fc0\u6d3b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

MoE\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4efb\u52a1\u5206\u5de5\u3001\u6309\u9700\u5206\u914d\u7b97\u529b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u6a21\u578b\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e13\u5bb6\u5e76\u884c\uff08Expert Parallelism\uff09\uff0c\u662fMoE\uff08\u6df7\u5408\u4e13\u5bb6\u6a21\u578b\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5e76\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u4e13\u5bb6\uff08\u5b50\u6a21\u578b\uff09\u5206\u914d\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684GPU\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u8ba1\u7b97\u8d1f\u8f7d\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u8ba1\u7b97\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e13\u5bb6\u5e76\u884c\u4e0e\u4e4b\u524d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5e76\u884c\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u8def\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u673a\u5236\u5206\u53d1\u7ed9\u76f8\u5e94\u4e13\u5bb6\uff0c\u6b64\u5904\u4f1a\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u4e0a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91cd\u5206\u914d\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u6240\u6709\u4e13\u5bb6\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u53c8\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u5206\u6563\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u8282\u70b9\u4e0a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6309\u539f\u6765\u7684\u6b21\u5e8f\u6574\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8de8\u7247\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3aAll-to-All\u3002\uff08\u518d\u6b21\u53c2\u8003\uff1a\u5230\u5e95\u4ec0\u4e48\u662fAll-Reduce\u3001All-to-All\uff1f<\/a>\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e13\u5bb6\u5e76\u884c\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u8d1f\u8f7d\u4e0d\u5747\u8861\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u67d0\u4e2a\u4e13\u5bb6\u6240\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5927\u4e8e\u4e86\u5176\u6240\u80fd\u63a5\u6536\u7684\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4Tokens\u4e0d\u88ab\u5904\u7406\u6216\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u6309\u65f6\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u74f6\u9888\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5408\u7406\u7684\u95e8\u63a7\u673a\u5236\u548c\u4e13\u5bb6\u9009\u62e9\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u662f\u90e8\u7f72\u4e13\u5bb6\u5e76\u884c\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2589 \u6df7\u5408\u5e76\u884c<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e07\u4ebf\u53c2\u6570\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u8d85\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u65f6\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53ea\u4f7f\u7528\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u5e76\u884c\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u91c7\u7528\u591a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u5e76\u884c\uff08\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u5e76\u884c\u7b56\u7565\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u884c+\u5f20\u91cf\u5e76\u884c\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u884c\u5904\u7406\u6279\u91cf\u6837\u672c\uff0c\u5f20\u91cf\u5e76\u884c\u5904\u7406\u5355\u6837\u672c\u7684\u5927\u77e9\u9635\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u5e76\u884c+\u4e13\u5bb6\u5e76\u884c\uff1a\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u5e76\u884c\u5212\u5206\u6a21\u578b\u5c42\uff0c\u4e13\u5bb6\u5e76\u884c\u5212\u5206\u5c42\u5185\u4e13\u5bb6\u6a21\u5757\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\uff0c\u662f3D\u5e76\u884c\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u884c+\u5f20\u91cf\u5e76\u884c+\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u5e76\u884c\u201d\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e09\u91cd\u62c6\u5206\uff0c\u662f\u8d85\u5927\u6a21\u578b\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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<\/section>\n

3D\u5e76\u884c<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u2589 \u6700\u540e\u7684\u8bdd<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u597d\u5566\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u5173\u4e8eDP\u3001PP\u3001TP\u3001EP\u7b49\u5e76\u884c\u8bad\u7ec3\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u770b\u61c2\u4e86\u6ca1\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n


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