{"id":1680,"date":"2023-08-08T10:49:15","date_gmt":"2023-08-08T02:49:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.xzclass.com\/?p=1680"},"modified":"2023-11-13T10:43:07","modified_gmt":"2023-11-13T02:43:07","slug":"%e4%b8%96%e7%95%8c%e7%ae%97%e5%8a%9b%e7%ae%80%e5%8f%b2%ef%bc%88%e4%b8%ad%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.xzclass.com\/?p=1680","title":{"rendered":"\u4e16\u754c\u7b97\u529b\u7b80\u53f2\uff08\u4e2d\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u63a5\u4e0a\u96c6\uff1a<\/span><\/strong>\u4e16\u754c\u7b97\u529b\u7b80\u53f2\uff08\u4e0a\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\n

\n

\u5728\u4e0a\u4e00\u7bc7\u91cc\uff0c\u5c0f\u67a3\u541b\u63d0\u5230\u4e86ENIAC\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u57281945\u5e74-1948\u5e74\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd8\u5904\u4e8e\u5185\u6218\u65f6\u671f\u65f6\uff0c\u9664\u4e86ENIAC\u8bde\u751f\u5916\uff0c\u79d1\u6280\u9886\u57df\u8fd8\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u597d\u51e0\u4ef6\u5927\u4e8b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5927\u4e8b\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5f7b\u5e95\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ef6\u5927\u4e8b\uff1a\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u63d0\u51fa<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\uff08John Von Neumann\uff09\u662f\u7f8e\u7c4d\u5308\u7259\u5229\u4eba\uff0c1903\u5e74\u51fa\u751f\uff0c1930\u5e74\u79fb\u6c11\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6559\u6388\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/section>\n
\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc<\/span><\/section>\n

\n

1944\u5e74\uff0c\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u5f00\u59cb\u53c2\u4e0e\u539f\u5b50\u5f39\u7684\u7814\u5236\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u7814\u5236\u8fc7\u7a0b\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u5173\u6ce8\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u7ecf\u4eba\u5f15\u8350\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u987e\u95ee\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u5230\u4e86ENIAC\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\u57fa\u4e8eENIAC\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u7b49\u4eba\u57281945\u5e74\u53c8\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u2014\u2014EDVAC<\/span><\/strong>\uff08Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u79bb\u6563\u53d8\u91cf\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\u5728\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u603b\u7ed3\u62a5\u544a\u300a\u5173\u4e8eEDVAC\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u8349\u6848\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u8be6\u7ec6\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5236\u9020\u7535\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u548c\u8fdb\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u65b0\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u5e76\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u7531\u8fd0\u7b97\u5668\u3001\u903b\u8f91\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u3001\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u8bbe\u5907\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u65b0\u578b\u67b6\u6784\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u662f\u7684\u6ca1\u9519\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u8457\u540d\u7684<\/span>\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u67b6\u6784<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/section>\n

\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u67b6\u6784<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\u76f4\u5230\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u67b6\u6784\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u67b6\u6784\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u4e5f\u88ab\u4e16\u4eba\u8a89\u4e3a\u201c\u73b0\u4ee3\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e4b\u7236\u201d\u3002\uff08\u4ed6\u5728\u6570\u5b66\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u4e5f\u5f88\u5353\u8457\uff0c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u535a\u5f08\u8bba\u4e4b\u7236\u201d\u3002\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4ef6\u5927\u4e8b\uff1a\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u7684\u63d0\u51fa<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

1948\u5e74\uff0c\u8d1d\u5c14\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7684\u514b\u52b3\u5fb7\u00b7\u9999\u519c\uff08Claude Elwood Shannon\uff09\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u300a\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u300b\u3002\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u88ab\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u7684\u5960\u57fa\u4e4b\u4f5c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/section>\n

\u9999\u519c<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\u9999\u519c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u901a\u4fe1\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4fe1\u606f\u71b5\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4ee5\u53ca\u6570\u5b66\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u91cf\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u7528\u6570\u5b57\u7f16\u7801\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee3\u8868\u4efb\u4f55\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/span>\u9999\u519c\u8fd8\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86\u6bd4\u7279\uff08bit\uff09\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u7528\u4e8e\u6d4b\u91cf\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u9999\u519c\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u9999\u519c\u516c\u5f0f\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u6307\u5bfc\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u901a\u4fe1\u884c\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u7a81\u7834\u3002
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u9999\u519c\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u4e3a\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u5f53\u4e4b\u65e0\u6127\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u4fe1\u606f\u901a\u4fe1\u6280\u672f\u201c\u7956\u5e08\u7237\u201d<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e09\u4ef6\u5927\u4e8b\uff1a\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u7684\u53d1\u660e<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c31\u4e0d\u7528\u591a\u8bf4\u4e86\u5427\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

1947\u5e74\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u8d1d\u5c14\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7684\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u8096\u514b\u5229\uff08William Shockley\uff09\u3001\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u5df4\u4e01\uff08John Bardeen\uff09\u548c\u6c83\u5c14\u7279\u00b7\u5e03\u62c9\u987f\uff08Walter Brattain\uff09\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/section>\n

\n

\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u7684\u95ee\u4e16\uff0c\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e86\u7535\u5b50\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u65b0\u7eaa\u5143\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e0a\u9762\u8bf4\u7684\u4e09\u4ef6\u5927\u4e8b\uff0c\u7ed9\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\u9769\u547d\u6253\u4e0b\u4e86\u575a\u5b9e\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\u4ea7\u4e1a\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u8fdb\u5165\u7206\u70b8\u5f0f\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2588<\/span><\/strong> 1950-1967\uff1a\u96c6\u6210\u7535\u8def\u65f6\u4ee3<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

1951\u5e74\uff0c\u53d1\u660e\u4e86ENIAC\u7684\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u57c3\u514b\u7279\uff08<\/span>J. Presper Eckert\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u83ab\u5947\u5229\uff08<\/span>John Mauchly\uff09\u518d\u5ea6<\/span>\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u7814\u5236\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u5546\u7528\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u2014\u2014<\/span><\/span>UNIVAC-1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/section>\n

UNIVAC<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\u8fd9\u5957\u7cfb\u7edf\u88ab\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u53e3\u666e\u67e5\u90e8\u95e8\u7528\u4e8e\u4eba\u53e3\u666e\u67e5\uff0c\u5b83\u8fd8\u6210\u529f\u9884\u6d4b\u4e861952\u5e74\u5e95\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u5927\u9009\uff0c\u4e00\u591c\u4e4b\u95f4\u540d\u58f0\u5927\u566a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

1952\u5e74\uff0c\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u9886\u5bfc\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684EDVAC\u7ec8\u4e8e\u5236\u9020\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/section>\n

\u51af\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u548cEDVAC<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u76f8\u6bd4ENIAC\uff0cEDVAC\u62e5\u6709\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\uff0c\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u4f7f\u7528\u78c1\u5e26\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u78c1\u5b58\u50a8\u5df2\u521d\u9732\u950b\u8292\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4fe1\u606f\u8f7d\u4f53\u7684\u65b0\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  • \n

    \u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \n

    \u518d\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u6280\u672f\u5f00\u59cb\u9010\u6e10\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u5e02\u573a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u76f8\u6bd4\u771f\u7a7a\u7ba1\uff08\u7535\u5b50\u7ba1\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u4f53\u79ef\u66f4\u5c0f\uff0c\u529f\u8017\u66f4\u4f4e\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7535\u5b50\u8bbe\u5907\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u5c0f\u5de7\u3001\u7701\u7535\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n

    1954\u5e74\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u8ba1\u7b97\u673aTRADIC\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7a7a\u519b\u6295\u5165\u4f7f\u7528\uff08\u8d1d\u5c14\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7814\u5236\uff09\u3002\u5176\u8fd0\u884c\u529f\u8017\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7100W\uff0c\u4f53\u79ef\u4e0d\u8d851\u7acb\u65b9\u7c73\uff0c\u76f8\u6bd4\u5f53\u5e74\u7684ENIAC\u6709\u5929\u58e4\u4e4b\u522b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    <\/section>\n

    TRADIC<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n

    1958\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684RCA\u516c\u53f8\u9020\u51fa\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u5168\u90e8\u4f7f\u7528\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u2014\u2014RCA501\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    <\/section>\n
    RCA501<\/span><\/section>\n

    \u4e0d\u4e45\u540e\uff0c1959\u5e74\uff0cIBM\u516c\u53f8\u4e0d\u7518\u843d\u540e\uff0c\u4e5f\u751f\u4ea7\u51fa\u5168\u90e8\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u5316\u7684\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u2014\u2014IBM 7090\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    <\/section>\n
    IBM\u00a07090<\/span><\/section>\n

    \n

    \u57fa\u4e8eIBM 7090\uff0c\u7f8e\u6d32\u822a\u7a7a\u516c\u53f8\u548cIBM\u5171\u540c\u7814\u53d1\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b3e\u8ba2\u7968\u7cfb\u7edf\u2014\u2014Sabre\u3002Sabre\u8fc5\u901f\u666e\u53ca\uff0c\u5e26\u52a8\u4e86IBM\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u4efd\u989d\u6fc0\u589e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n

      \n
    • \n

      \u96c6\u6210\u7535\u8def\u7684\u8bde\u751f<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \n

      \u8bf4\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u56de\u8fc7\u5934\uff0c\u8bb2\u8bb2\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u7684\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u8096\u514b\u5229\u3002
      \n<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/section>\n

      \u8096\u514b\u5229<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n

      \u8096\u514b\u5229\u6240\u5e26\u9886\u7684\u56e2\u961f\u867d\u7136\u5408\u4f5c\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\uff0c\u4f46\u5185\u90e8\u5173\u7cfb\u5e76\u4e0d\u597d\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8096\u514b\u5229\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3a\u4eba\u523b\u8584\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\u76f8\u5904\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n

      \u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u53d1\u660e\u540e\uff0c\u6ca1\u591a\u4e45\uff0c\u56e2\u961f\u6210\u5458\u7eb7\u7eb7\u79bb\u5f00\u4e86\u4ed6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n

      1954\u5e74\uff0c\u8096\u514b\u5229\u5728\u8d1d\u5c14\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u4e5f\u5f85\u4e0d\u4e0b\u53bb\u4e86\uff0c\u5c31\u8dd1\u53bb\u6559\u4e66\u3002\u518d\u540e\u6765\uff0c1956\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u6765\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u897f\u90e8\u52a0\u5229\u798f\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5dde\u7684\u5c71\u666f\u57ce\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u53ebPalo Alto\u7684\u5c0f\u57ce\u5e02\uff08\u540e\u6765\u662f\u7845\u8c37\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff09\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u201c\u8096\u514b\u5229\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n

      \u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u4f18\u79c0\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u7684\u52a0\u5165\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5c31\u5305\u62ec\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f0a\u65af\uff08Robert Noyce\uff09\u548c\u6208\u767b\u00b7\u6469\u5c14\uff08Gordon Moore\uff09\u7b49<\/span><\/span>8\u4eba\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n

      <\/p>\n

      \n

      \u540e\u6765\uff0c\u8096\u514b\u5229\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\u518d\u6b21\u56e0\u4e2a\u4eba\u539f\u56e0\u8d70\u5165\u56f0\u5883\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c1957\u5e749\u670818\u65e5\uff08\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65e5\u5b50\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u300a\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u300b\u8bc4\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5341\u5929\u4e4b\u4e00\uff09\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u76848\u4e2a\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u5411\u8096\u514b\u5229\u63d0\u4ea4\u8f9e\u5448\u3002\u8096\u514b\u5229\u5927\u53d1\u96f7\u9706\uff0c\u75db\u65a5\u8fd9\u5e2e\u201c\u5fd8\u6069\u8d1f\u4e49\u201d\u7684\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\uff0c\u9a82\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u201c<\/span>\u516b\u53db\u5f92<\/span>\u201d(traitorous eight)\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n

      \u201c\u516b\u53db\u5f92\u201d\u51fa\u8d70\u540e\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u4ed9\u7ae5\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53<\/strong>\uff08Fairchild Semiconductor\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/section>\n

      \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u8fd9\u5bb6\u516c\u53f8\u5927\u5bb6\u5e94\u8be5\u5f88\u8033\u719f\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u4ea7\u4e1a\u7684\u6447\u7bee\uff0c\u82af\u7247\u754c\u7684\u9ec4\u57d4\u519b\u6821\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n

      1959\u5e74\uff0c\u5fb7\u5dde\u4eea\u5668\u7684\u6770\u514b\u00b7\u57fa\u5c14\u6bd4\uff08Jack St. Clair Kilby\uff09\u548c\u4ed9\u7ae5\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u7684\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f0a\u65af\uff0c\u5148\u540e\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8e\u9517\u57fa\u5e95\u6269\u6563\u5de5\u827a\u548c\u7845\u57fa\u5e95\u5e73\u9762\u5de5\u827a\u7684\u96c6\u6210\u7535\u8def\uff0c\u6253\u5f00\u4e86\u96c6\u6210\u7535\u8def\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5927\u95e8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      \u57fa\u5c14\u6bd4\u53d1\u660e\u7684\u96c6\u6210\u7535\u8def<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n

      1959\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u548c\u96c6\u6210\u7535\u8def\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u4f53\u79ef\u4e0d\u65ad\u7f29\u5c0f\uff0c\u529f\u80fd\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u5f3a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n

        \n
      • \n

        \u8f6f\u4ef6\u4ea7\u4e1a\u7684\u840c\u82bd<\/span><\/strong>
        \n<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \n

        \u62e5\u6709\u66f4\u5feb\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5668\u3001\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u66f4\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684I\/O\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u53ef\u4ee5\u627f\u62c5\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u201c\u591a\u9053\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d<\/strong>\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u5728\u201c\u591a\u9053\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u662f\u624b\u5de5\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6279\u5904\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u201c\u591a\u9053\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u901a\u9053\u548c\u4e2d\u65ad\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u7cfb\u7edf\u6267\u884c\u201c\u6302\u8d77\u201d\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/span><\/span>\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4ece\u4e32\u884c\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u5e76\u884c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5<\/span>\u540c\u65f6\u8fd0\u884c\u591a\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        \u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5df2\u7ecf\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e8e\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e86\u3002
        \n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

        <\/section>\n

        \n

        \u9664\u4e86\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8bed\u8a00\u4e5f\u8fdb\u6b65\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

        1957\u5e74\uff0cIBM\u516c\u53f8\u6210\u529f\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86FORTRAN\u9ad8\u7ea7\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u6b63\u5f0f\u91c7\u7528\u5e76\u6d41\u4f20\u81f3\u4eca\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

        \n

        \u6240\u8c13\u9ad8\u7ea7\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e8e\u4eba\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4e60\u60ef\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8bed\u8a00\u3002<\/span>\u5b83<\/span>\u5bb9\u6613\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u901a\u7528\u6027\u5f3a\uff0c\u5199\u51fa\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6bd4\u8f83\u77ed\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u63a8\u5e7f\u548c\u4ea4\u6d41\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

        \n

        1960\u5e744\u6708\uff0cCOBOL\u8bed\u8a00\u6b63\u5f0f\u53d1\u5e03\u3002<\/span>1964\u5e74\uff0cBASIC\u8bed\u8a00\u53d1\u5e03\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u9ad8\u7ea7\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u6d8c\u73b0\uff0c\u4e3a\u540e\u9762\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4ea7\u4e1a\u7206\u53d1\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

        \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

          \n
        • \n

          IBM System\/360<\/span><\/strong>
          \n<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \n

          1960\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0cIBM\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u884c\u4e1a\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u7684\u201c\u9886\u5934\u7f8a\u201d\u3002\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5360\u636e\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u9886\u5148\u5730\u4f4d\uff08\u5728\u5317\u7f8e\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u5e02\u5360\u7387\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e8c\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

          \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

          1961\u5e7412\u6708\uff0cIBM\u516c\u53f8\u542f\u52a8\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u4eba\u7c7b\u53f2\u4e0a\u89c4\u6a21\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5546\u7528\u4ea7\u54c1\u5f00\u53d1\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u8fd9\u9879\u8ba1\u5212\u8017\u8d4450\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff08\u7ea6\u4eca\u65e5\u7684460\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff09\u3001\u96c7\u75286\u4e07\u591a\u540d\u65b0\u5458\u5de5\u3001\u65b0\u5efa5\u5ea7\u5de5\u5382\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

          \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

          1964\u5e744\u67087\u65e5\uff0c\u8ba1\u5212\u6210\u679c\u521d\u73b0\uff0cIBM\u516c\u53f8\u6b63\u5f0f\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u516d\u79cd\u89c4\u683c\u7684System\/360\u5546\u7528\u5927\u578b\u4e3b\u673a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

          \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

          <\/section>\n

          IBM\u00a0System\/360<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

          \n

          360\uff0c\u662f360\u5ea6\u89d2\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5168\u65b9\u4f4d\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/span>\u5b83\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u9996\u4e2a\u6307\u4ee4\u96c6\u53ef\u517c\u5bb9\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u3002\u5355\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u9002\u7528\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u5217\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u50cf\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6bcf\u79cd\u4e3b\u673a\u91cf\u8eab\u5b9a\u505a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

          \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

          \u8fd9\u65f6\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u624d\u660e\u767d\uff0c\u539f\u6765\u7535\u8111\u4e3b\u4f53\u786c\u4ef6\u5347\u7ea7\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u8f6f\u4ef6\u8fd8\u6709\u5916\u56f4\u786c\u4ef6\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u3002\u201c\u517c\u5bb9\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u3002
          \n<\/span><\/p>\n

          \n

          IBM System\/360<\/span>\u662fIBM\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u6210\u529f\u7684\u673a\u578b\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u7814\u53d1\u6295\u5165\u5de8\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u56de\u62a5\u540c\u6837\u53ef\u89c2\u2014\u2014\u6bcf\u53f0\u4e3b\u673a\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u5728250\u5230300\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u4e4b\u95f4\uff08\u7ea6\u5408\u73b0\u5728\u76842000\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\uff09\uff0c\u6bcf\u6708\u552e\u51fa\u8d85\u8fc7\u5343\u53f0<\/span><\/span>\u3002\u84dd\u8272\u5de8\u4eba\u5e74\u9500\u552e\u989d\u7684\u4e00\u534a\uff0c\u90fd\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u5217\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

          \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

          \u7f8e\u56fd\u592a\u7a7a\u603b\u7f72\u7684\u963f\u6ce2\u7f57\u767b\u6708\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u5168\u7f8e\u7684\u94f6\u884c\u8de8\u884c\u4ea4\u6613\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u822a\u7a7a\u4e1a\u754c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5728\u7ebf\u7968\u52a1\u7cfb\u7edf\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86IBM System\/3<\/span><\/span>60\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

          \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

          \u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u867d\u7136IBM\u9738\u5360\u4e86\u5927\u578b\u673a\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u4f4660\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c\u5f88\u591aIT\u516c\u53f8\u521b\u7acb\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8f6c\u5411\u4e86IBM\u4e0d\u592a\u5728\u4e4e\u7684\u5c0f\u578b\u5316\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u5e76\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u4e0d\u9519\u7684\u6210\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

          \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

          \u4f8b\u5982\uff0cDEC\u516c\u53f8\uff081957\u5e74\u6210\u7acb\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u5e03\u7684PDP-8\u3001PDP-11\u3001VAX-11\u7cfb\u5217\u4e3b\u673a\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

          \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

          <\/section>\n

          PDP-8<\/span><\/p>\n

          \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

          \u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e3b\u673a\u4f53\u79ef\u5c0f\u3001\u529f\u8017\u4f4e\u3001\u8fd0\u7b97\u901f\u5ea6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7b97\u5dee\uff08\u6bcf\u79d2\u51e0\u5341\u4e07\u6b21\u57fa\u672c\u8fd0\u7b97\uff09\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6b22\u8fce\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

          \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

          \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

          \u2588<\/strong><\/span>\u00a01967-1979\uff1a\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u96c6\u6210\u7535\u8def\u65f6\u4ee3<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

          \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

          \u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u8f66\u8f6e\u7ee7\u7eed\u6eda\u6eda\u5411\u524d\u30021967\u5e74\uff0c\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u96c6\u6210\u7535\u8def\uff08Large Scale Integration\uff0cLSI\uff09\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u82af\u7247\u65f6\u4ee3<\/strong>\u5230\u6765\u3002
          \n<\/span><\/p>\n

          \n

          1968\u5e747\u6708\uff0c\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f0a\u65af\u548c\u6208\u767b\u00b7\u6469\u5c14\u4ece\u4ed9\u7ae5\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u516c\u53f8\u8f9e\u804c\uff0c\u521b\u7acb\u4e86\u82f1\u7279\u5c14\uff08Intel\uff09\u516c\u53f8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

          \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

          <\/section>\n

          \n

          \u6700\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u82f1\u7279\u5c14\u662f\u505a\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7ade\u4e89\u6fc0\u70c8\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8f6c\u5411\u5904\u7406\u5668\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

          \n

          1971\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u7279\u5c14\u5f00\u53d1\u51fa\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5546\u7528\u5904\u7406\u5668\u2014\u2014Intel 4004<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u6b3e\u5904\u7406\u5668\u7247\u5185\u96c6\u6210\u4e862250\u4e2a\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5904\u74064bit\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6bcf\u79d2\u8fd0\u7b976\u4e07\u6b21\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u9891\u7387\u4e3a108KHz\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

          \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

          <\/p>\n

          Intel 4004<\/span><\/section>\n
          \u00a0<\/span><\/section>\n

          Intel 4004\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u5fae\u5904\u7406\u5668\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

          <\/section>\n
          1974 \u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u7279\u5c14\u53c8\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86Intel 8080<\/strong>\uff0c\u5176\u6027\u80fd\u662f4004\u768420\u500d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
          \u00a0<\/span><\/section>\n

          <\/p>\n

          Intel 8080<\/span><\/p>\n

          \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

          Intel 8080\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e1d\u6beb\u4e0d\u8f93\u4e8e4004\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u9762\u5411\u4e2a\u4eba\u7535\u8111\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u5fae\u5904\u7406\u5668\u3002MITS\u516c\u53f8\u4e8e1974\u5e74\u63a8\u51fa\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u5fae\u578b\u7535\u8111Altair 8800\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e8080\u5904\u7406\u5668\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

          \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

          <\/span><\/p>\n

          Altair 8800<\/span><\/p>\n

          \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

          Altair 8800\u57281975\u5e741\u6708\u7684\u300a\u5927\u4f17\u7535\u5b50\u5b66\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u793e\u4e0a\u53d1\u5e03\u540e\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7231\u597d\u8005\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c31\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u4e2a\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u695e\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u7684\u4f19\u4f34\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

          \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

          \u4ed6\u4fe9\u540e\u6765\u4e00\u8d77\u4e3aAltair 8800\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86Altair BASIC\uff0c\u5e76\u521b\u529e\u4e86\u4e00\u5bb6\u540d\u53ebMicrosoft\uff08\u5fae\u578b\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff09\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

          \n

          \u6ca1\u9519\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u695e\u9752\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u53eb\u505a\u6bd4\u5c14\u00b7\u76d6\u8328\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u4f19\u4f34\u53eb\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u827e\u4f26\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

          \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

          <\/section>\n

          \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

            \n
          • \n

            \u8c01\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u4e2a\u4eba\u7535\u8111<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

            Altair 8800\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u4e2a\u4eba\u7535\u8111\uff08PC\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u79f0\u8c13\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

            \n

            1971\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684Kenbak\u516c\u53f8\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86<\/span>Kenbak-1\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u3002\u8fd9\u53f0\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff0c\u88ab\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5386\u53f2\u535a\u7269\u9986\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u4e2a\u4eba\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
            \u00a0<\/span><\/section>\n
            <\/section>\n
            <\/section>\n
            Kenbak-1\u7531\u4e2d\u5c0f\u578b\u96c6\u6210\u7535\u8def\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u5fae\u5904\u7406\u5668\u3002\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u6700\u521d\u552e\u4ef7\u4e3a750\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u4ec5\u5236\u9020\u548c\u9500\u552e\u4e86\u5927\u7ea640\u53f0\u30021973\u5e74\uff0cKenbak\u516c\u53f8\u5012\u95ed\uff0cKenbak-1\u505c\u4ea7\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
            <\/section>\n
            1973 \u5e74\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fdR2E\u516c\u53f8\u751f\u4ea7\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u57fa\u4e8e\u5fae\u5904\u7406\u5668\u7684\u5546\u7528\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u2014\u2014Micral\u3002Micral\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u4e66\u91cc\uff0c\u9996\u6b21\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u201c\u5fae\u673a\uff08Micro-computer\uff09\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
            \u00a0<\/span><\/section>\n
            <\/section>\n
            Micral<\/section>\n
            <\/section>\n
            \u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u4e2a\u4eba\u7535\u8111\u201d\u7684\u6709\u529b\u4e89\u593a\u8005\uff0c\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u8457\u540d\u7684\u65bd\u4e50\u516c\u53f8\u5e15\u6d1b\u963f\u56fe\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff08Xerox PARC<\/span>\uff09\u7684Alto\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
            \u00a0<\/span><\/section>\n
            1973\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86Alto\uff08\u201c\u5965\u6258\u201d\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span>\u5b83\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u4f7f\u7528\u9f20\u6807\u548c\u56fe\u5f62\u7528\u6237\u754c\u9762 (GUI) \u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff0c\u548c\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f88\u50cf\u4e86\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e54\u5e03\u65af\u7684\u82f9\u679c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6bd4\u5c14\u76d6\u8328\u7684\u5fae\u8f6f\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
            \u00a0<\/span><\/section>\n
            <\/section>\n
            <\/section>\n
            1975\u5e74\uff0c\u738b\u5b89\u516c\u53f8\uff08WANG\uff09\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u5177\u6709\u7f16\u8f91\u3001\u68c0\u7d22\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u5904\u7406\u673a\uff0c\u521d\u5177\u53f0\u5f0f\u7535\u8111\u7684\u96cf\u5f62\u3002\u8fd9\u53f0\u7535\u8111\u7684\u5c4f\u5e55\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u663e\u793a\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u952e\u76d8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u7a3f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
            \u00a0<\/span><\/section>\n
            <\/section>\n
            <\/section>\n
            <\/section>\n
            1977\u5e74\uff0c\u6709\u4e09\u53f0\u4e2a\u4eba\u7535\u8111\u7ecf\u5178\u673a\u578b\u63a8\u51fa\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662fCommodore\u516c\u53f8\u7684Commodore PET\u3001\u82f9\u679c\u516c\u53f8\u7684APPLE II\u3001Tandy Radio Shack\u7684TRS-80 Model II\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
            \u00a0<\/span><\/section>\n
            <\/section>\n
            <\/section>\n
            \u4e2a\u4eba\u7535\u8111\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u610f\u4e49\u6781\u4e3a\u91cd\u5927\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
            \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
            \u5b83<\/span>\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4ea7\u4e1a\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u7b97\u529b\u4e0d\u518d\u4ec5\u4e3a\u5c11\u6570\u5927\u578b\u4f01\u4e1a\u670d\u52a1\uff08\u5927\u578b\u673a\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5f00\u59cb\u6602\u9996\u8d70\u5411\u4e86\u666e\u901a\u5bb6\u5ead\u548c\u4e2d\u5c0f\u4f01\u4e1a\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
            \u00a0<\/span><\/section>\n
              \n
            • \n
              \u6280\u672f\u84c4\u529b<\/span><\/strong>
              \n<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
              \u00a0<\/span><\/section>\n
              \u9664\u4e86\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5b58\u50a8\u8bbe\u5907\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u6280\u672f\u4e5f\u6709\u663e\u8457\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
              \u00a0<\/span><\/section>\n
              1973\u5e74\uff0cIBM\u53c8\u53d1\u660e\u4e86Winchester\uff08\u6e29\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\uff09\u786c\u76d83340\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
              \u00a0<\/span><\/section>\n
              <\/section>\n
              Winchester 3340<\/span><\/section>\n
              <\/section>\n
              \u8fd9\u5757\u78c1\u76d8\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u5bc6\u5c01\u7ec4\u4ef6\u3001\u6da6\u6ed1\u4e3b\u8f74\u548c\u5c0f\u8d28\u91cf\u78c1\u5934\u3002\u5de5\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u78c1\u5934\u60ac\u6d6e\u5728\u9ad8\u901f\u8f6c\u52a8\u7684\u76d8\u7247\u4e0a\u65b9\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4e0e\u76d8\u7247\u76f4\u63a5\u63a5\u89e6\u3002\u8fd9\u4fbf\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u786c\u76d8\u7684\u539f\u578b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
              \u00a0<\/span><\/section>\n
              \u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f60\u73b0\u5728\u7528\u7684\u78c1\u76d8\uff0c\u67b6\u6784\u4e0a\u548c1973\u5e74\u6ca1\u6709\u592a\u5927\u533a\u522b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
              \u00a0<\/span><\/section>\n
              \u7f51\u7edc\u65b9\u9762\uff0c1970\u5e74\uff0cInternet\u7684\u96cf\u5f62ARPAnet\u57fa\u672c\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
              \u00a0<\/span><\/section>\n
              1973\u5e745\u670822\u65e5\uff0c\u65bd\u4e50\u516c\u53f8PARC\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u6885\u7279\u5361\u592b<\/span>\uff08Robert M. Metcalfe\uff09\u6b63\u5f0f\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u4ee5\u592a\u7f51\u201d\u7684\u8bbe\u60f3\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e11\u6708\u4efd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
              \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
              <\/section>\n
              \u6885\u7279\u5361\u592b<\/span><\/section>\n
              <\/section>\n
              \u00a0<\/span><\/section>\n
              1978\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u6e29\u987f\u00b7\u745f\u592b\uff08Vinton G. Cerf\uff09\u3001\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279.\u5361\u6069\uff08Robert E. Kahn\uff09\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u4e0b\uff0cTCP\/IP\u4e5f\u8bde\u751f\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
              \u5728\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4ea7\u4e1a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c1970\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u6210\u679c\u540c\u6837\u4ee4\u4eba\u5e94\u63a5\u4e0d\u6687\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
              <\/section>\n
              1973\u5e74\uff0c\u8d1d\u5c14\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7684\u80af\u00b7\u6c64\u666e\u68ee\uff08Ken Thomson\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u4e39\u5c3c\u65af.\u91cc\u5947\uff08Dennis Ritchie\uff09<\/span>\u6b63\u5f0f\u53d1\u8868\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u5ba3\u544a\u4e86UNIX\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u5168\u884c\u4e1a\u8f70\u52a8\uff0c\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bde\u751f\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
              \u00a0<\/span><\/section>\n
              <\/section>\n
              \u6b63\u5728\u64cd\u4f5cDEC PDP-11\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684<\/span><\/section>\n
              \u80af\u00b7\u6c64\u666e\u68ee\uff08\u5750\u8005\uff09\u548c\u4e39\u5c3c\u65af.\u91cc\u5947\uff08\u7ad9\u8005\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
              \u00a0<\/span><\/section>\n
              1970\u5e74\u548c1972\u5e74\uff0cForth\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u548cC\u8bed\u8a00\u5148\u540e\u5f00\u53d1\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
              <\/section>\n
              \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u91cd\u5927\u7a81\u7834\u30021970\u5e74\uff0cIBM\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u57c3\u5fb7\u52a0\u00b7\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u00b7\u79d1\u5fb7\uff08Edgar Frank Codd\uff09\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u7bc7\u540d\u4e3a\u300a\u5927\u578b\u5171\u4eab\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u6a21\u578b\u300b\u7684\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u5f00\u542f\u4e86\u5173\u7cfb\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
              \u00a0<\/span><\/section>\n
              <\/section>\n
              \u57c3\u5fb7\u52a0\u00b7\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u00b7\u79d1\u5fb7<\/span><\/section>\n
              <\/section>\n
              \u5173\u7cfb\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u4e3a\u540e\u6765\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5e94\u7528\u9ad8\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
              <\/section>\n
              1974\u5e74\uff0cIBM\u516c\u53f8\u5723\u4f55\u585e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u53d1\u8d77\u4e86IBM System R\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u9996\u6b21\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00\uff08SQL\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
              <\/section>\n
              1977\u5e74\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3aIT\u72c2\u4eba\u7684\u62c9\u91cc\u00b7\u57c3\u91cc\u68ee\uff08Larry Ellison\uff09\u4e0e\u5408\u4f5c\u4eba\u5171\u540c\u6295\u8d44\u4e862000\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u4e86SDL\u516c\u53f8\uff08\u540e\u6765\u7684Oracle\u516c\u53f8\uff09\u30021979\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86Oracle\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u5f00\u542f\u4e86\u5546\u4e1a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u5168\u65b0\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
              \u00a0<\/span><\/section>\n
              <\/section>\n
              Oracle\u7684\u8054\u5408\u521b\u59cb\u4eba<\/span>
              \n<\/span><\/section>\n
              <\/section>\n
              <\/section>\n
              1970\u5e74\u4ee3\u5df2\u7ecf\u79bb\u6211\u4eec\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e45\u8fdc\u4e86\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4e8b\u60c5\u53ef\u80fd\u90fd\u5df2\u6de1\u5fd8\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
              <\/section>\n
              \u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0cIT\u4ea7\u4e1a\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u8d77\u6b65\uff0c\u662f\u57281970\u5e74\u4ee3\u3002\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u96c6\u6210\u7535\u8def\u7684\u5d1b\u8d77\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8\u6280\u672f\u7684\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u57fa\u7840\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff08\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff09\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u90a3\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
              \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
              \u4ee4\u4eba\u773c\u82b1\u7f2d\u4e71\u7684\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u73b0\u5728\u770b\u4e0a\u53bb\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u8d77\u773c\uff0c\u4f46\u90fd\u662f\u4ece0\u52301\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7a81\u7834\u3002<\/span>
              \n<\/span><\/section>\n
              \u00a0<\/span><\/section>\n
              \u57fa\u7840\u592f\u5b9e\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8fdb\u51651980\u5e74\uff0c\u66f4\u75af\u72c2\u7684IT\u6d6a\u6f6e\uff0c\u5373\u5c06\u88ad\u6765\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
              <\/section>\n
              <\/section>\n
              <\/section>\n
              \u672a\u5b8c\u5f85\u7eed\u2026\u2026<\/span><\/section>\n
              \u00a0<\/span><\/section>\n
              \u656c\u8bf7\u671f\u5f85\u2014\u2014\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u7b97\u529b\u7b80\u53f2\uff08\u4e0b\uff09\u300b<\/span><\/section>\n
              \u00a0<\/span><\/section>\n
              \u00a0<\/span><\/section>\n
              \u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
              1\u3001\u300a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u53f2\u6c47\u603b<\/span>\u300b\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\uff1b<\/span><\/section>\n
              2\u3001\u300a<\/span>\u7b97\u529b\u53d1\u5c55\u7b80\u53f2<\/span>\u300b\uff0c\u00a0\u5e90\u5c71\u771f\u5bb9\uff1b<\/span><\/section>\n
              3\u3001\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u4e2a\u4eba\u7535\u8111\u662f\u54ea\u53f0\uff1f\u300b\uff0c\u5c0f\u76d2\u5b50\uff0c\u77e5\u4e4e\uff1b
              \n<\/span><\/section>\n
              4\u3001\u300a\u7535\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e16\u4ee3\u6982\u8ff0\u300b\uff0c\u5434\u56fd\u53d1\uff0c\u77e5\u4e4e\uff1b<\/span><\/section>\n
              5\u3001\u300aIT\u5386\u53f2\u8fde\u8f7d-\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u7535\u8111\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u300b\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\uff1b
              \n<\/span><\/section>\n
              6\u3001\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u3001\u767e\u5ea6\u767e\u79d1\uff1b<\/span><\/section>\n
              \u00a0<\/span><\/section>\n

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